KitchenOven temperature conversion chart
Recipes give oven heat in Celsius, Fahrenheit or gas mark. Type one and read the others, or use the chart with what each heat is used for.
Oven temperature
Chart: gas mark, Celsius, Fahrenheit
| Gas mark | Celsius | Fahrenheit | Used for |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gas mark 1 | 140 °C | 275 °F | Very cool: meringues, slow drying |
| Gas mark 2 | 150 °C | 300 °F | Cool: rich fruit cakes, slow roasting |
| Gas mark 3 | 160 °C | 325 °F | Warm: nankhatai, shortbread |
| Gas mark 4 | 180 °C | 350 °F | Moderate: most cakes, cookies and muffins |
| Gas mark 5 | 190 °C | 375 °F | Fairly hot: cupcakes, pastry |
| Gas mark 6 | 200 °C | 400 °F | Hot: bread, roast vegetables, puffs |
| Gas mark 7 | 220 °C | 425 °F | Hot: pizza base, bread rolls |
| Gas mark 8 | 230 °C | 450 °F | Very hot: pizza, naan, tandoori-style tikka |
| Gas mark 9 | 240 °C | 475 °F | Very hot: quick browning |
Getting the heat right at home
- Fan or convection mode: set about 20 °C lower than the recipe says, or check a few minutes early.
- Preheat: give the oven 10 to 15 minutes to reach the temperature before the tin goes in.
- Middle rack: bake cakes and cookies in the middle, with both rods on in an OTG unless the recipe says otherwise.
- Dials can be wrong: small ovens often run hotter or cooler than the dial. If your cakes brown too fast every time, lower the dial by 10 °C. An oven thermometer settles the question.
- Do not open the door early: a cake needs about two-thirds of its baking time before the door is opened.
The formula
Fahrenheit = Celsius × 9 ÷ 5 + 32. Celsius = (Fahrenheit − 32) × 5 ÷ 9. Recipes round the result to the nearest 25 °F or 10 °C, which is why 180 °C is written as 350 °F.
Questions people ask
What is 180 degrees Celsius in Fahrenheit?
180 °C is 356 °F, which recipes round to 350 °F. It is gas mark 4, the usual temperature for cakes.
Do I reduce the temperature in a fan oven?
Yes, usually by about 20 °C, because the moving air cooks faster. If your oven manual gives its own advice, follow that.
What is a gas mark?
It is the dial numbering on gas ovens in the United Kingdom and some other countries. Gas mark 4 is about 180 °C, and each mark up or down is roughly 10 to 20 °C.
How long should I preheat an OTG?
Ten to fifteen minutes at the baking temperature is enough for most small ovens. A cake put into a cold oven rises unevenly.
More kitchen help
- Cups to gramsAtta, maida, sugar, rice, ghee and more, by ingredient.
- MeasuresTeaspoon, tablespoon, cup, ml, katori, pav, tola and seer.
- SubstitutesWhat to use when an ingredient is missing.
- Cooking timesPressure cooker minutes for dals, beans and rice.
- How much to cookRice, dal, atta and vegetables for any number of people.
- Food storageHow long food keeps in the fridge and the freezer.
- Spice namesJeera, ajwain, kalonji: English and Hindi names with uses.
- Dal and grain namesDals, flours and millets in English and Hindi.
- Vegetable namesTori, tinda, parwal: English and Hindi names with season.